If not conscious,
breathing & pulse OK

Put them on their side
Check breathing and pulse
Keep person warm & calm (use a blanket if possible)

There is a helpful device to support CPR, from
Laerdal called Q-CPR (Click for video demonstration)
This can help in both training and actual CPR.

CPR for kids is different
For resuscitation purposes children are classified as follows:

Infants:             newborn - 1 year
Young child:   1-8 years
Older child:      9-14 years
For an older child, use same adult resuscitation techniques.

The first step of CPR is a technique known as expired air resuscitation (EAR). 

If someone is not breathing, but their heart is still beating
you only need to administer EAR.  Before you can do this, however, you need to remove any obstructions and open
the child's airway.

For infants

CLEAR AIRWAY

1. With the infant in recovery position
   (for infants, the most suitable recovery position
   is lying face down on an adult's forearm with the head supported by the hand), clear mouth and nostrils of foreign material.
   
   
2. Place infant flat on back.
   
   
3. Tilt head back very slightly, to achieve an open airway.
   
   
4. Lift chin to bring tongue away from back of throat.
   
   
5. Avoid pressure on soft tissue under infant's chin.
   Note: Do not tilt head if you suspect a neck injury
   
   
6. Look, listen & feel for breathing for up to 10 seconds.
   
   
7. If breathing:  put in recovery position
   If NOT breathing: 
   continue to hold on back and start EAR.

EAR - Expired Air Resuscitation

1. Support the infant's head. 
   Cover infant's mouth a& nose with your mouth
   and give 2 gentle puffs of air from your cheeks, sufficient to make the infant's chest rise
   (2 effective breaths -
   give up to 5 breaths to achieve 2 effective breaths).
   
   
2. After the initial 2 puffs, check the pulse. 
   If there is a pulse but no breathing, continue to inflate the lungs at a rate of 20 times per minute.
   
   
3. Check the pulse about every minute. 
   To check an infant's pulse,
   check the brachial pulse in the inner upper arm. 
   To check a newborn's pulse, check the apex beat -
   chest below left nipple. 
   
   Note: Check pulse for no more than 10 seconds
   before continuing resuscitation.

If the child's heart has stopped beating
or if you cannot feel a pulse,
giving chest compressions will help
maintian blood circulation
through the heart and to the brain. 

External chest compression (ECC)
is always combined with EAR -
the combination of the two is known as
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

Although CPR for young children and infants is
similar to that used for adults & older children (over 8 years), there are some differences due to their smaller bodies
and because respiratory arrest (stopping breathing) 
is more likely than cardiac arrest (heart stopping beating). 

Children have faster breathing rates,
so the speed of your breath must be adjusted. 
The pressure you give during compressions
must also be adjusted. 

NOTE: 
For a newborn baby,
chest compressions should not be attempted
by anyone untrained in neonatal resuscitation.

When to stop CPR

It is important to ensure that once CPR has commenced,
there is no interruption, unless:

• the child shows signs of life
• qualified help arrives
• you are physically unable to continue."